| The following GAIN reports were released on December 2, 2024. _______ Under a new policy, importers of wine and distilled spirits whose domestic agents are registered within the Shanghai Free Trade Zone are no longer required to register the U.S. producer name and brand as a trademark in China prior to commercial sales. This policy was implemented by the State Council and the Shanghai Municipal Government effective October 11, 2024. Outside the free trade zone, imported products must have the U.S. producer name and brand registered as a trademark in China (both in English and Chinese), a process that can take months and delay import of new products. FAS/San José expects orange production to increase approximately 11 percent in marketing year (MY) 2024/25 to 250,000 metric tons. Production in MY 2023/24 was lower than previously expected at 225,000 metric tons as a result of erratic rainfall patterns associated with the El Niño weather phenomenon. According to government sources, citrus greening is affecting most production areas of the country and has caused many small producers to abandon orange production or shift their land to other activities. Record-high remittances continue to boost consumer spending in 2024. U.S. agricultural exports to Nicaragua through September 2024 are up four percent compared to the same period in 2023. Among the best prospects are grains such as rice, wheat, and corn, and a wide variety of consumer-oriented products including pork, chicken meat, and food preparations. Despite the difficult political context, Nicaragua continues to show stable macroeconomic fundamentals which support imports of high value foods. MY2024/25 cotton area harvested for Senegal, Mali, and Burkina Faso is estimated to decrease 17 percent to 981,000 HA. This is mainly due to decreased planted area resulting from a late rainy season in all three countries, as well as civil conflict in Burkina Faso. Senegal imposed stricter finance and credit criteria, reducing the number of farmers willing to produce cotton. MY2024/25 cotton production is estimated at 1.7 million bales, decreasing 18 percent from the previous MY. MY2024/25 exports and stocks are estimated at 1.7 million bales and 212,000 bales, respectively. With the relaunching of the textile industries in all three forementioned countries, MY 2024/25 consumption is expected to increase four percent at 52,000 bales. MY 2023/24 area and cotton production estimates remain at 1.2 million HA and 2.2 million bales, respectively. In Spain, wine is an important part of the economy, society, landscape, culture and gastronomy. Spain boasts the world's largest vine area and is the third largest wine producer in the European Union (EU), after France and Italy. Spain is currently dealing with ample supplies and sluggish demand, particularly for red wines, making wine exports critical to the sector. Export prices rose 1-3 percent from the previous week as the Thai baht strengthened and exporters continued to secure the rice supplies to fulfill contract shipments. Turkiye's cotton production in marketing year (MY) 2024/25 is forecast to increase to 865,000 metric tons (MT; 3.97 million bales), since farmers planted cotton on larger area in response to temporary cotton price hikes during the planting season and because of better yields compared to last MY due to better weather conditions. Cotton farmers are still struggling to make adequate profits in MY 2024/25 to cover rising input costs. In MY 2024/25 Turkish cotton consumption is expected to decrease slightly to 1.48 million metric tons (MMT; 6.78 million bales). Cotton imports in MY 2023/24 are forecast to be stable at 775,000 MT (3.56 million bales) and cotton exports are expected to be 250,000 MT (1.15 million bales). Some companies from the Turkish textile and apparel industries are shutting down, partially closing, or going bankrupt because of low demand for finished garments by brands from Turkiye, while some others are moving investments to lower-cost production countries, like Egypt. For more information, or for an archive of all FAS GAIN reports, please visit gain.fas.usda.gov/. | 
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