| The following GAIN reports were released on May 21-22, 2025. _______
Brazilian researcher Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the 2025 World Food Prize for her scientific advancements in biological nitrogen fixation, which have transformed soil health and crop nutrition in tropical agriculture. Her work led to the development of biological seed treatments that enhance productivity, while reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers, and that save Brazilian farmers up to US$25 billion annually on input costs. As part of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Dr. Hungria made significant contributions in promoting the use of biological fertilizers and also contributes to the Fertilize 4 Life (F4L) initiative, a collaboration with USDA, the University of Florida, and the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). Post forecasts that China's raw milk production will decline in 2025 due to continued reductions in dairy herd size, despite improved per-cow yields. Imports of fluid milk and skim milk powder are forecast to decline due to relatively strong domestic production and weak demand. Post forecasts that whole milk powder imports will increase modestly due to reduced domestic production. Cheese imports are expected to rise moderately on stronger food service demand. Butter imports will increase due to growth in the baking and food service sectors, although domestic production is also expanding. Whey imports are forecast to decline due to high tariffs on U.S. product and limited capacity of alternative suppliers, despite firm demand in the feed and infant formula sectors. Colombia has launched a new electronic platform for registering foods and beverages for human consumption. The system, InvimAgil, will be phased in under the coming months; currently, the use of the system is not mandatory. However, U.S. companies are encouraged to register on InvimAgil to receive further instructions and avoid delays when the new system becomes fully operational. INVIMA has not yet provided a final date for the full implementation of the system. For further information, U.S. companies may contact FAS Bogota at agbogota@fas.usda.gov or jose.quintero@usda.gov. Bite size local news, Post reports and activity summaries wrapped by ATO Hong Kong. In this issue: ATO Hong Kong prepares for the USDA Agribusiness Trade Mission to Hong Kong and USA Pavilion at HOFEX; Raisin Administrative Committee showcases California raisins to Hong Kong chefs; Hong Kong posts better than expected Q1 economic growth; sales of food and alcoholic drinks increase in March; AmCham Hong Kong advocates for recognizing Hong Kong's unique status; and top China pork producer Muyuan eyes Hong Kong for public listing. On May 14, 2025, Indonesia raised export levies for most palm oil products, from 7.5 percent to 10 percent for crude products and up to 9.5 percent for refined products. The levy increases are meant to sustain the new B40 blend mandate program. Mexico's dairy sector is projected to grow modestly in 2025, supported by better feed and water access, herd expansion, and ongoing efficiency gains. Production is expected to rise despite 2023–2024 drought impacts and New World Screwworm infestations in southern Mexico. Imports of fluid milk and butter will likely decline from 2024 peaks, while cheese imports hold steady. Milk powder imports are set to increase as processors favor lower-cost raw inputs, creating opportunities for U.S. exporters. Dairy consumption remains driven by population growth, rising incomes, and strong demand from processors and the foodservice industry. Changes to Panama's import requirements reflected in this report are for pork, dairy products, seafood and rice. A new law establishes the inspections and food safety regulations for food products. Consumers perceive U.S. food products as high quality and reliable, which has resulted in continuous growth in demand. Panama imports 66% of all its agricultural product needs from the United States, facilitated by the United States – Panama Agreement regarding certain sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical standards affecting trade in agricultural products. Panama recognizes the certificates and standards of the U.S. regulatory and sanitary inspection system, based on the United States – Panama Agreement regarding certain Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Standards affecting Trade in Agricultural products, of December 20, 2006, simplifying requirements for the importation of U.S. food and feed products. Panama accepts electronic certificates. Peru's coffee production in marketing year (MY) 2025/2026 is forecast to rebound by eight percent reaching, 4.2 million 60-kg bags. Domestic coffee consumption during this period is projected at 300,000 60-kg bags. In MY 2024/2025, total coffee exports reached 3.9 MMT, with the United States remaining the largest market, accounting for 27 percent of Peru's total coffee exports. South Korea's whiskey imports experienced a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.1% in value from 2020 to 2024, totaling $249 million. The United States ranked as the second-largest supplier of whiskey to Korea, following the United Kingdom. With limited domestic production and increasing consumer demand, Korean imports of tree nuts continue to grow steadily, recording a compound annual growth rate of six percent over the last five years. In 2024, the United States dominated the market, accounting for roughly 87% of the market share for imported tree nuts. Post forecasts marketing year (MY) 2025/26 sugar production at 1.5 million metric tons, a 17 percent decrease from Post's previous MY estimate. The main factor is uncertainty over the EU's trade policy toward Ukraine past June 2025. The EU was a major destination for Ukrainian sugar in MY2022/23 and MY2023/24, featuring premium prices and relatively short shipping distances. Without a set policy, domestic sugar producers, who are struggling with a combination of decreased domestic consumption and large domestic stocks, have decreased their sugar beet production areas in CY2025. This report provides an update on the restructuring of Vietnam's government regarding the regulation of plants and plant products. As part of recent efforts to streamline government operations, the newly named Plant Production and Protection Department, under the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, is now responsible for overseeing plant and plant product regulations. This Department was formed through the merger of the Department of Crop Production and the Department of Plant Protection. For more information, or for an archive of all FAS GAIN reports, please visit gain.fas.usda.gov/. | 
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